Editorials
Mega-special zone law needs a 52-hour workweek exemption (KOR)
A planned law for regional mega-special economic zones should include targeted relief from Korea’s 52-hour workweek cap to help strategic industries grow faster.
Members of the National Assembly's Trade, Industry, Energy, SMEs and Startups Committee hold a plenary session at the Assembly in Yeouido, central Seoul, on Dec. 4, 2025. The Special Semiconductor Act, which omitted the business community's requested exemption from the 52-hour workweek, was later enacted by the National Assembly in January.
YONHAP
The government and the Democratic Party are preparing a special law to support mega-special economic zones designed to foster regional strategic industries, including the proposed Honam semiconductor cluster. The legislation is intended to accelerate balanced regional development by granting regulatory exemptions, tax and financial incentives, and support for attracting skilled workers, giving substance to the administration’s "five megaregions and three special self-governing provinces" strategy.
The bill, expected to be introduced in the National Assembly later this month, reportedly will adopt a "menu-style" system that allows companies and local governments to choose the regulatory and financial incentives best suited to their needs. Such flexibility is welcome. Industries including semiconductors, automobiles and biotechnology face different operational challenges, and support measures should reflect those differences rather than rely on a one-size-fits-all framework.
One key question, however, remains unresolved: whether the legislation will include an exemption from Korea’s 52-hour workweek limit, a change the business community has sought for years.
Introduced in July 2018, the weekly working-hour cap has repeatedly been criticized as limiting the competitiveness of knowledge-intensive industries. Businesses argue that, at a minimum, advanced sectors such as semiconductors should be allowed greater flexibility. Exemptions should apply not only to semiconductor research and development personnel but also to workers building fabrication plants.
The rapid construction of TSMC's Kumamoto plant in Japan was made possible not only by streamlined administrative support but also by construction schedules that continued around the clock. As Presidential Chief of Staff Kang Hoon-sik has said, completing the Honam semiconductor cluster during the current presidential term will require removing obstacles to faster construction. Relaxing the 52-hour rule is one of them.
The government has already demonstrated a willingness to rethink regulation. In April, at a Regulatory Reform Committee meeting chaired by President Lee Jae Myung, it adopted a negative regulatory approach for mega-special zones, allowing all activities unless explicitly prohibited by law or policy. If that principle is to be taken seriously, there is little reason to exclude greater flexibility in working hours from the package of regulatory reforms.
Uniform limits on working hours may have been introduced with good intentions, but they can become barriers to technological innovation and higher productivity. Earlier this year, the Special Semiconductor Act was enacted without a provision exempting semiconductor R&D personnel from the 52-hour limit after objections from labor groups.
The mega-special zone law should not repeat that precedent. If legislation intended to strengthen Korea's strategic industries omits one of the measures businesses consider most essential, it risks becoming another incomplete reform that falls short of its stated ambitions.
메가특구법, 주 52시간 예외조항 꼭 넣어야
호남 반도체 클러스터를 비롯한 지역별 핵심 전략산업 육성을 뒷받침하기 위한 메가특구특별법을 정부와 더불어민주당이 논의하고 있다. 지역의 핵심 전략산업에 규제 특례와 금융·세제 혜택을 주고 인재 유치를 위한 정주 여건 조성을 지원해 정부의 지역 균형 발전 구상인 5개 초광역권과 3개 특별자치도의 ‘5극 3특’ 전략을 구체화하는 것이다. 당정은 이달 의원입법 형태로 법안을 발의할 예정이다. 법안에는 전략산업 육성에 필요한 지원을 기업과 지방자치단체가 직접 선택하는 ‘메뉴판식 특례’가 담긴다고 한다. 반도체·자동차·바이오 등 업종에 따라 현장 수요에 맞게 특례와 지원을 다르게 설계하는 현장 맞춤형 제도가 나오길 바란다.
아직 법안이 확정된 건 아니지만 보도에 따르면 경영계가 오랫동안 요구해 온 주 52시간제 예외가 법안에 반영될지 불투명하다고 한다. 2018년 7월부터 적용된 주 52시간 규제는 지식산업의 경쟁력을 해친다는 지적을 받아왔다. 기업들은 반도체 등 첨단산업만이라도 예외를 인정해 달라고 호소한다. 반도체 팹 건설 현장과 반도체 핵심 연구개발(R&D) 인력에 대한 주 52시간 예외를 과감하게 적용해야 한다. TSMC 구마모토 공장의 공기가 파격적으로 줄어든 것은 원스톱 행정 지원과 함께 밤낮없이 건설 현장을 돌렸기 때문이다. 강훈식 대통령비서실장이 언급한 것처럼 이번 정부 임기 내에 호남 반도체 클러스터를 완공하려면 주 52시간 규제부터 풀어야 한다.
정부는 지난 4월 이재명 대통령이 주재한 규제합리화위원회에서 의미 있는 결정을 내렸다. 메가특구에서는 법령이나 정책에서 금지한 행위 외에는 원칙적으로 모두 허용하는 ‘네거티브’ 방식으로 규제를 풀어주기로 했다. 그런 각오라면 주 52시간 예외를 통한 근로시간 유연화를 굳이 배제할 이유가 없다. 특구에서 먼저 시험해 보고 전국 확대를 결정할 수도 있다. 획일적인 근로시간 규제는 기업의 신기술 개발과 생산성 향상에 걸림돌이 될 뿐이다. 올해 1월 통과된 반도체특별법에서 반도체 R&D 인력에 대한 주 52시간 예외 적용 조항이 노동계의 반대로 막판에 빠졌다. 메가특구특별법이 반도체특별법의 전례처럼 반쪽 입법에 그쳐서는 안 된다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.