The late veteran stage actor Lee Soon-jae (1934–2025), who played the title role in Yeonwoo Theater's 2023 production of King Lear, performs a scene in which the aging monarch, driven mad after being deceived by his two daughters and stripped of everything he owns, wanders the desolate heath.PHOTO COURTESY OF YEONWOO THEATER AND ATR
Kim Myung-hwa
The author is a playwright and director.
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There was a time when I worried that my parents' old age might hold back my own life. After they both passed away a few years apart, aging and death, which had seemed to belong only to them, suddenly felt much closer. I am not yet old enough to ride the subway for free, but I know that day is approaching.
Few plays depict aging and death as starkly as William Shakespeare's "King Lear" (1606). Hoping for security in old age, Lear divides his kingdom among his daughters. Instead, he is abandoned after surrendering his power and eventually descends into madness. The play remains one of literature's most enduring portraits of the vulnerability that accompanies old age.
Lear's tragedy closely mirrors the realities of today's aging society. Once a powerful king, he becomes an irritable old man and finally a destitute figure stripped of both dignity and reason. His decline resembles the path many people now fear: from being the central figure in family and society to becoming an unwelcome elder dismissed as an outdated authority and eventually a person with dementia who depends on others for care.
In a more patriarchal era, audiences may have focused primarily on the ingratitude of Lear's daughters and the king's heartbreaking abandonment. In today's Korea, however, old age itself has become an uncomfortable subject. Television is filled with advertisements for dementia and long-term care insurance. Longer lives are often portrayed not as a blessing but as a burden that drains the National Pension Fund and places growing financial responsibility on younger generations.
Government policies also reflect this imbalance. The anxieties of young people, whose futures are still full of possibility, understandably command political attention, while the concerns of older people whose productive years are often viewed as over receive far less sympathy. Aging is increasingly discussed through the language of cost and efficiency rather than dignity.
Yet old age is everyone's future. If we can acknowledge aging and death as universal parts of the human experience, perhaps we can also accept older people's caution, habits and conservatism without turning them into objects of contempt. A society willing to pursue coexistence and conversation across generations may offer greater security and dignity to everyone facing an uncertain future.
News reports have recently highlighted the participation of many young adults in protests over the allegedly flawed election process. Perhaps they will become like Cordelia, Lear's youngest daughter, who alone refused to abandon her father when everyone else did.
리어의 수난시대 (KOR)
부모님의 노후에 내 인생의 발목이라도 잡힌 듯 전전긍긍했던 기억이 있다. 이후 몇 년 간격으로 부모님이 모두 떠나시자 그들 몫으로만 보였던 늙음과 죽음이 문득 가깝게 느껴졌다. 아직 지하철을 공짜로 타고 다니지는 않지만 내게도 곧 그런 시간이 올 것이다.
연극사에서 늙음과 죽음을 적나라하게 묘사한 작품으로 셰익스피어의 ‘리어왕’이 있다. 권력을 자식들에게 나누어주며 노년의 안정을 기대하지만, 유산 분배 이후 자식들로부터 버림받고 급기야 정신 줄을 놓는 리어왕의 비극을 다룬 작품이다.
리어의 비극은 고령화 시대로 접어든 우리와 많이 겹친다. 권력을 가진 왕에서 까다로운 노인으로 그리고 벌거벗은 광인으로 전락하는 리어의 모습은, 세상의 주인공이었다가 거추장스러운 ‘꼰대’로 바뀌고 이후엔 치매로 돌봄의 대상이 되는 현대인의 모습과 중첩된다.
가부장주의가 살아있던 과거라면 배은망덕한 자식들에 대한 비난과 버림받는 리어에 대한 연민이 감상평의 중심일 것이다. 그러나 고령화에 접어든 한국 사회에서 늙음은 이제 불편한 대상이 되었다. TV는 치매와 간병 보험 광고로 수다스럽고 노인들의 장수는 축복이 아니라 국민연금을 고갈시키고 젊은 세대에게 부양의 굴레를 씌우는 처치 곤란한 대접을 받는다. 국가는 효용성이 다한 노인과 달리 가능성만 남은 청년들의 불안에는 하염없이 공명하며 정책들을 쏟아낸다.
그런데 노인은 모두의 미래 아닌가. 늙음과 죽음이라는 인간 보편의 운명을 우리가 긍정할 때, 그들의 고집과 보수성마저도 혐오하지 않고 대화할 수 있을 때 앞이 보이지 않는 모두의 미래에 안전함과 존엄함이 조금은 담보되지 않을까.
‘부실’ 선거 관련 시위 현장에 최근 MZ 세대의 참여 소식이 연일 보도된다. 어쩌면 그들이 리어를 포기하지 않았던 막내딸 코딜리어가 될지도 모르겠다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.